Example of Medicinal Plants and Active Ingredients (Compounds)

Species	Some active ingredient(s)
Allium ssp.	Alan, Allicin, Ajoene
Aloe vera	Aloin, aloe-emodin
Andrographis paniculata	Andrographolide, neoandrographolide (antidysenteric)
Artemisia annua	Artemisinin (antimalarial)
Atropa belladonna	Atropine
Berberis spp.	Berberine (antidysenteric)
Betula lenta	Methyl salicylate
Brassica nigra	Allyl isothiocyanate (rubefacient)
Camellia sinesis	Caffeine, theophylline
Camptotheca acuminata	Camptothecin, etc. (antitumor)
Cannabis sativa	Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (antiglaucomic, antemetic)
Capsicum spp.	Capsaicin
Catharanthus roseus	Leurocristine (vincristine) and vinca leukoblastine (vinblastine)
Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium	Pyrethrins (insecticide)
Cinchona pubescens	Quinine
Cinnamomum camphora	Camphor (rubefacient)
Colchicum autumnale	Colchicine, colchiceine amide, demecolcine
Coleus forskohlii	Forskolin (cardiovascular)
Curcuma longa	Curcumin (choleretic, anticoagulant)
Datura stramonium	Scopolamine, hyoscyamine, atropine
Digitalis lanata	Digoxin, lanatoside C, acetyidigoxin
Digitalis purpurea	Digitoxin and digitalis whole leaf
Ephedra spp.	Ephedrine, pseudephedrine, norpseudephedrine
Erythroxylum coca	Cocaine
Gentiana spp.	Gentiamarin, gentisic acid
Ginkgo biloba	Superoxide dismutase
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Licorice extract
Hyoscyamus spp.	Hyoscyamine, hyoscine, atropine
Justicia adhatoda	Vasicine (oxytocic, expectorant)
Myristica fragrans	Nutmeg oil
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae	Peru balsam
Nicotiana tabacum	Nicotine (insecticide)
Papaver somniferum	Codeine, morphine, noscapine, papaverine
Papaver bracteatum	Thebaine
Phyllanthus spp.	Phyllanthoside (antitumor)
Picrorrhiza kurroa	Kuskin, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, apocyanin (choleretic, laxative)
Pinus elliottii	Turpentine
Pinus palustris	Turpentine
Rauvolfia serpentina	Reserpine
Rauvolfia spp.	Deserpidine, reserpine, rescinnamine, ajmaline
Ricinus communis	Castor ricinoleic acid, ricin oil,
Silybum marianum	Silymarin (antihepatotoxic)
Strophanthus gratus	Ouabain
Syzygium aromaticum	Clove oil (antiseptic)
Taxus brevifolia	Taxol (antitumor)
Vinca minor	Vincamine (cerebrotonic, hypotensive)
Zingiber officinale	Borneol (analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic), shogoal, zingerone