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Hi friends, in this video let us
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understand how to identify different
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types of plant cells or tissues under
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the microscope. So this is the
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cross-section of a monocode stem under
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the microscope. As you see there are
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different tissues like colona then
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scleranca, parenma, phium, syylum and
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phium has companion cells and sift tube
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elements. Once we have stained and
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placed under the microscope, how to
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identify these different types of cells
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and let us see. So these are all tissues
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we know. Paranky, scleranca, colonima.
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Then the two conductive tissues asylum
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and phm they are called permanent
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tissues. Why they are called permanent
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tissues? Because they lacks the ability
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to divide and they have differentiated
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after maturation. They have different
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roles like protection, conduction,
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storage etc. Permanent tissues are
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classified into two. The first one is
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the simple permanent tissue that is
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composed of only one cell type like
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parenma colanka and scleranca. The
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second one is the complex permanent
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tissue that is composed of many cell
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types. Sylm has straits vessels parangma
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etc. So it is made up of many types of
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cells that makes it complex. Now let us
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identify these tissues under the
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microscope. The first is the paranka.
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Paranka is most common tissue once we
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have a section under the microscope. The
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most common tissue we see is a paranka.
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As you see here, these are all parang
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cells. These cells are thin bold cells
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without lignification
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often equally sized cells with
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intercellular spaces. They are living
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cells at maturity. The staining pattern
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is normally we use saffronine or fast
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screen for staining. As these are thin
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wall cells, these cells stain lightly
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with saffron or fast screen. It has a
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clear appearance often polygonal cells
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with distinct but thin boundaries as you
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see here. Primary function is storage.
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Some paragamea cells are involved in
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photosynthesis with chloroplast called
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as chloroga. Then some are involved in
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secretions secretreting various
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substances like oils and parangma plays
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a role in wound healing and
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regeneration. And finally these are the
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majority of cells that is within a
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plant. So this maintains the torture of
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cells and tissues making the system
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tortured. The second type of tissue is
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colanga. Cola as you see it is seen just
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below the epidermis. Let me zoom in.
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This is olamata cells. So as you see
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these have thickened corners. There is
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ligignification and uneven thickening as
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you see in the cells often especially at
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the corners. So these are living
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mechanical tissue with an uneven
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thickening in the primary cell walls
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especially at the corners. Cells are
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packed without intracellular spaces. It
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provides flexible support to growing
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organs. The most important thing is this
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is a mechanical tissue, a living
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mechanical tissue that of offers
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flexibility or elasticity allows the
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bending and swaying of plant parts
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without breaking and that is offered by
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this columatus tissue. The staining
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pattern is this cells deeply stain with
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saffroninine at corners or at regions
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where there is thickening. Uh so
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elongated it cells with distinct often
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brightly stained thickened corners as
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you see here. And the third one is
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scaranga. Scarma as you see here this is
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This is a dead mechanical tissue with
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highly lignified walls. This has high
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lignified secondary walls without
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protolast provides structural support
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and protection. There are two main types
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of scaranga. First one is fibers that
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are elongated pointed cells. The second
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one is clear with irregularly shaped
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cells often found singly or in groups
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also called as stone cell. function is
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mechanical support staining pattern. As
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these cells have highly thickened
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lignified secondary walls, these cells
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stain deeply bright red due to the
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presence of lignen. So easily visible
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under the microscope when stained with
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saffroninine. The next group of tissue
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is the syllem. So let me zoom in. This
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is a sylum vessel. These cells are
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responsible for conduction of water
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throughout the plant and also dissert
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minerals from root to leaves. It is
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composed of four main components. First
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one is a traits elongated tapering dead
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cells with ligignified walls and pits.
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Then this is a vessels shorter wider
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dead cells that is arranged end to end
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forming a continuous tube with
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perforation plates. And third one is
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parangma. And this is a living cell that
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is involved in storage
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of food and lateral conduction of water
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and finally syllem fibers which is
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sclerank cells that provides mechanical
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support to this vascular system or
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syllem components. The staining pattern
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is as these are highly liignified cells.
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The struct and vessels stain brightly
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red as you see here. Bright red walls of
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these cells are prominent because of
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linification. Silent paragma just like
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ordinary paragma will stain lightly with
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saffronine or fast green. Vessels and
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traces appear brightly stained red tubes
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as you see here with distinct wall
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thickenings throughout. Whereas paranga
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is seen just like ordinary parangata
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cells with light staining. Functions
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include water conduction primarily by
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trucks and vessels then mineral
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transport and also provide mechanical
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support by means of xyllem fibers. And
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the final tissue is the phium. As you
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see this is the fium and this is a
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vascular bundle. So let me zoom in. As
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you see this is the foam
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and this is a seaf tube element with a
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white lumen or white cavity and the
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smaller cell is a companion cell. The
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sift tube element is without nucleus and
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companion cell has nucleus and this
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companion cells regulates the activity
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or flow of uh sift tube safe tube
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elements. So this is the diagrammatic
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image. As you see this is there is a
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safe plate and this is a safe tube and
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close to the safe tube there is a cell
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which is companion cell that is
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nucleated whereas safe tube is without
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nucleus and there are flu paranka also
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and these are the function. The primary
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function is food transllocation that is
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from the site of synthesis which is a
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source or leaves to the site of storage
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which is called as a sink. composed of
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four main elements. Zip tubes that is
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living elongated cells that lack nucleus
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at maturity. Then companion cells living
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with nucleus that controls the activity
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of Z tube. Then there is flamagma living
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cells involved in storage and lateral
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conduction and also phm fibers which is
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also called as bas fibers that are
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sclerang cells providing mechanical
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support. The function is food
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transllocation. Then there is storage by
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fium parangma and also support
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mechanical support provided by phium
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cells present in the phium staining
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lighter shade of saffronine fast green
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compared to syllem. As you see here
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these are thin wall cells. Floy fibers
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as they are scenagamata cells will stain
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brightly with zapronine due to lignen.
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Overall appearance is zip tubes appear
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as relatively wide whereas companion
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cells are smaller and that is closely
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associated with seep tubes and both are
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likely stained as the walls are not
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liignified or thickened. So let me
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summarize. So these are the tissues we
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identified under the microscope. The
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first one is a colonima that is present
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just below the epidermis. Then there is
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clearanca. As you see here, it has
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ligignified fold. So stain deeply red
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with saffronin. Then barna lightly
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stained thin volt living cells. This is
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followed by vascular bundle. As you see
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this is a phium. Then sylum. Syllem is
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sylum vessels and traces are linified
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therefore stain deeply with saffron red
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color. Whereas phium se tube and
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companion cells are thinfold. So stain
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lightly. So this this is a companion
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cell and this is a sift tube element
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which has a large lumen or cavity close
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to the sift tube element that is a small
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cell with nucleus that regulates the
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activity of this sift tube element is
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the companion cell. Hope you can
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identify the plant tissues under the
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microscope. Take care stay blessed.
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Thank you so much. You are the biologics
