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What is Metabolomics? How does Metabolomics work? Importance and applications of Metabolomics
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Jan 25, 2023
A summary video on Metabolomics workflow and application Please consider subscribing using the link: https://bit.ly/3kG2kKf 00:00| Introduction 00:04| What is Metabolomics? Metabolomics definition 00:45| Genome vs Transcriptome vs Proteome vs Metabolome 02:00| How Metabolomics works? Metabolomics work flow 04:40| Applications of metabolomics 04:45| Metabolomics in Biomarker discovery 05:25| Metabolomics in Toxicity studies 05:57| Environmental Metabolomics 06:45| Plant and Microbial Metabolomics Please share, subscribe and like ... Thank you so much:) @biologyexams4u =============================================== Related popular videos Steps Involved in the production of Recombinant Insulin. How Recombinant Insulin is produced? https://youtu.be/rq18lAEjtgI How to Calculate CFU per ml of Bacterial Sample? in 3 Steps || cfu/ml in Microbiology https://youtu.be/uIIxNLPUu8g
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Hi friends, hope you are fine. Let's begin with the term metabolomics. Metabol means
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the products of metabolism or sum total of all reactions, all chemical reactions
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that is happening within a biological system or a cell that keeps us alive
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And metabolomics can be defined as a large-scale scientific study of small
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molecules that is produced as a result of metabolism in a biological system that includes
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amino acids, sugars, lipids, etc. At the end of this video you will be able to understand what is
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metabolomics, how metabolomics works and what are the major applications of metabolomics. For
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understanding this metabolomics better we must know the flow of information in a biological system
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It starts with genome. Genome represents the complete genetic information within an organism that includes mitochondrial genes and chloroplast genes. This
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information is transcribed to RNA to form the transcriptome and this transcriptome is later translated to proteins. All the proteins that is
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present within a system within an organisms forms the proteome. So we have
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given a short video on this you can refer that for more and finally this
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information is passed on to metabolome by the enzymatic actions of these
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proteins. these proteins will catalyze many chemical reactions or many metabolic pathways resulting in the formation of many small molecules that
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forms the metabolome or it means the complete set of low molecular weight
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metabolites in a living system that includes amino acids sugars lipids nucleotides etc Now let us see how this metabolomics works So first of all we have to collect the sample either from human or from animal models
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sample from blood, urine, tissue or fecal matter. Then we need to identify and
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quantify the metabolites or small molecules within this sample and we use
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either NMR or MS mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or mass spectroscopy is a method of choice. Either we use liquid chromatography
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mass spectroscopy or gas chromatography mass spectroscopy for identification and quantification of these metabolites. Then we will be getting this spectral data
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then we have to process the spectra to avoid any errors to refine this data
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then we will be using different statistics to find out biomarkers or
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some specific aspects like biomarkers for example suppose we have taken sample
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from a patients having a specific disease so are there any biomarker in
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that sample that means is there any chemical that is present consistently
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throughout the sample so that particular chemical that unique chemical can be
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used as a biomarker for diagnosing that disease that presence or that formation
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of that particular chemical can act as an indicator of the particular disease
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that is called a biomarker so we will be using different statistical tools to
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assess that and finally we will be using different databases like metlin to identify these metabolites based on the spectral features and peak positions and finally we need to interpret the role of these metabolites in different biological pathways for that we will be using different databases like Kek MetaPsych etc these are all metabolic pathways databases so we could easily
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interpret the data what are the impact of these chemicals within this
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biological pathways and finally on this on the basis of that we will reach an
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interpretation regarding that metabolite and this is how this metabolomics works and this is the paper and I will be giving the link in the description you can refer that for more
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Why we study metabolomics or what are the major applications? In disease diagnosis and treatment
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for the development of biomarkers, biomarkers are actually indications of a medical state that is
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observed from outside the patient which can be measured accurately and reproducibly. Let's take
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an example to understand this understanding the health at molecular level for example decreased
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colline and glenolic acid in serum of lung cancer patients. So this condition is a typical of lung
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cancer patient. So diagnosis is easy without further tests. So certain chemicals are produced
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a result of a pathological condition and that serves as a biomarker. Then in
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toxicity studies, drug safety and screening, so we'll be injecting drugs into different animal models and to find out which are the metabolites
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produced and what is the effect on the complete system to assess the toxicity
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of that particular drug. Then even in food safety also we are using this
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metabolomics. Changes in chemicals or chemical nature of footsteps helps us to
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understand the quality of the food Then in environmental metabolomics there is the effect of chemical pollutants So we are exposed to different types of chemicals fertilizers etc as a result of biomagnification these fertilizers
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and as food chain and can have impact on our system. So what are the impacts and what are
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the chemicals that is synthesized and what are the manifestations all are studied then
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environmental changes when different organisms are placed and are different when different organisms are placed under exposed to different environments
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how they adapt by changing their metabolism which are the chemicals produced these are all studied as part of ecology and environment and finally
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and then there is plant and microbial metabolomics we are getting number of
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chemicals, useful chemicals, metabolites from plants and microbes. So to understand that and also in agriculture during a pest infestation which are the chemicals
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that is synthesized by the plants, can we induce that chemicals in a sensitive
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plant so that that plant becomes resistant. These are all studies that is
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going on then microbial metabolites, n number of chemicals we are getting from
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microbes like antibiotics, organic acids etc.. so how these are synthesized, is
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there any method to induce the synthesis, there are different aspects that is
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studied as part of metabolomics. So these are some of the applications of
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metabolomics as this is an emerging field. Each day the number of applications
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are also increasing and this is about metabolomics if you find this video
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useful please consider subscribing this channel sharing the content thank you so
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much for your support you are with biology exams for you dot com
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