Components Required for Protein Synthesis in Bacterial Cells

Components	Function
Stage I :  Binding of amino acid to tRNA
Amino acids	Building blocks of proteins
tRNA	Deliver amino acids to ribosomes
Amino acyl t RNA synthetase	Attaches amino acids to t RNAs
ATP	Provides energy for binding amino acid to tRNA
Stage II : Initiation
mRNA	Carries coding instructions
fMet-tRNAfmet	Provides first amino acid in peptide
30S ribosomal subunit	Attaches to mRNA
50S ribosomal subunit	Stabilizes tRNAs and amino acids
Initiation factor 1	Enhances dissociation of large and small subunits of ribosome.
Initiation factor 2	Binds GTP; delivers fMet-tRNAfmet  to initiation codon.
Initiation factor 3	Binds to 30 S subunit and prevents association with 50 S subunit.
Stage III : Elongation
70 s initiation complex	Functional ribosomes with A, P, and E sites and peptidyl transferase activity where protein synthesis takes place.
Charged tRNA s	Bringing amino acids to ribosome and help assemble them in order specified by mRNA.
Elongation factor Tu	Binds GTP and charged tRNA; delivers charged tRNA to A site.
Elongation factor Ts	Generates active elongation factor Tu.
Elongation factor G	Stimulates movement of ribosome to next codon.
GTP	Provides energy.
Peptidyl transferase	Creates peptide bond between amino acids in A site and P site.
Stage IV: Termination
Release factors 1, 2 and 3	Bind to ribosome when stop codon is reached and terminate translation.