Major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) or Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)complex consists of genes encoding cell
surface glycoproteins that are required for antigen presentation to T cells and
also responsible for rapid graft rejection.The acceptance or rejection of
transplant is controlled by a set of genes in the recipient’s body which is
called as Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or Human Leukocyte Antigen
(HLA) complex in humans.
Difference between MHC Class I and MHC Class II proteins
MHC Class I and MHC Class II
proteins
|
 |
MHC class I |
|
 |
MHC class II |
|
1 | Present on the surface of all nucleated cells | Present on the surface of antigen presenting cells such as macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells etc. |
2 | Mainly interact with cytotoxic T cells | Mainly interact with helper T cells |
3 | Encoded by HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genes | Encoded by HLA-D genes. |
4 | Consists of 2 non identical chains, a long alpha chain and a short beta chain | Consists of 2 roughly identical chains, an alpha chain and a beta chain |
5 | Alpha chain is coded on MHC locus of chromosome 6, whereas beta chain is encoded on chromosome 15. | Both chains are coded on MHC locus of chromosome 6 |
6 | Responsible for graft rejection and clearance of endogenous antigens | Responsible for graft rejection and clearance of exogenous antigens |
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