5 Major Functions of Biomolecules | Biochemistry

The living matter is composed of mainly six elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur. These elements together constitute about 90% of the dry weight of the human body. 
  • Chemicals or molecules present in the living organisms are known as biomolecules.
  • Depending upon their weight and solubility biomolecules fall into two categories: micromolecules and macromolecules.
  • Micromolecules may be inorganic or organic and include water, gases, minerals, sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides. 
  • Macromolecules generally belong to four classes of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
  • They are the four biomolecules that forms the basis of life
biomolecules comparison chart

Biomolecules
Major Functions
 1. Polysaccharide
 (Glycogen)
Storage form of energy to meet short term demands.
 2. ProteinFundamental basis of structure and function of cell.
 3. LipidsStorage form of energy to meet long term demands, structural components of membranes.
4.  DNA 
(Deoxyribonucleic acid)
 Repository of hereditary information.
 5. RNA ( Ribonucleic acid) Essentially required for protein biosynthesis.

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