Class 11 Biotechnology
Unit I: An Introduction to Biotechnology
1.1 Historical Perspectives
1.2 Applications of Modern Biotechnology
1.3 Biotechnology in India: Academic Prospects and
Industrial Scenario
Unit II: Cell Organelles and Biomolecules
Chapter 2: Cellular Organelles
2.1 Plasma Membrane
2.2 Cell Wall
2.3 Endoplasmic Reticulum
2.4 Golgi Apparatus
2.5 Lysosomes
2.6 Vacuoles
2.7 Mitochondria
2.8 Plastids
2.9 Ribosomes
2.10 Microbodies
2.11 Cytoskeleton
2.12 Cilia and Flagella
2.13 Centrosome and Centrioles
2.14 Nucleus
2.15 Nucleolus
2.16 Chromosome
3.1 Carbohydrates
3.2 Fatty Acids and Lipids
3.3 Amino Acids
3.4 Protein Structure
3.5 Nucleic Acids
Chapter 4: Enzymes and Bioenergetics
4.1 Enzymes: Classification and Mode of Action
4.2 Brief Introduction to Bioenergetics
5.1 Cell Signaling
5.2 Metabolic Pathways
5.3 Cell Cycle
5.4 Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)
5.5 Cell Differentiation
5.6 Cell Migration 139
Unit III: Genetic Principles and Molecular Processes
Chapter 6: Basic Principles of Inheritance
6.1 Introduction to Inheritance
6.2 Linkage and Crossing Over
6.3 Sex-linked Inheritance
6.4 Extrachromosomal Inheritance
6.5 Polyploidy
6.6 Reverse Genetics
7.1 DNA as the Genetic Material
7.2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Organisation
7.3 DNA Replication
7.4 Gene Expression
7.5 Genetic Code
7.6 Translation
7.7 Gene Mutation
7.8 DNA Repair
7.9 Recombination
7.10 Regulation of Gene Expression
8.1 Chromosomal Abnormalities and Syndromes
8.2 Monogenic Disorders and Pedigree Mapping
8.3 Polygenic Disorders
Unit IV: Quantitative Biology and Bioinformatics
Chapter 9: Introduction to Bioinformatics
9.1 The Utility of Basic Mathematical and Statistical Concepts to Understand Biological Systems and Processes
9.2 Introduction
9.3 Biological Databases
9.4 Genome Informatics
Chapter 10:Protein Informatics and Cheminformatics
10.1 Protein Informatics
10.2 Cheminformatics
Chapter 11:Programming and Systems Biology
11.1 Programming in Biology
11.2 Systems Biology
Unit V: Tools and Technologies: Basic Concepts
Chapter 12:Tools and Technologies
12.1 Microscopy
12.2 Centrifugation
12.3 Electrophoresis
12.4 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
12.5 Chromatography
12.6 Spectroscopy
12.7 Mass Spectrometry
12.8 Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation (FISH)
12.9 DNA Sequencing
12.10 DNA Microarray
12.11 Flow Cytometry
Unit I: Recombinant DNA Technology
Chapter 1: An Overview of Recombinant DNA Technology
1.1 An Overview of Recombinant DNA Technology
2.1 Two Key Components of Recombinant DNA Technology
2.2 Host
2.3 Vector
2.4 Eukaryotic Host Vector System
2.5 Expression Vectors
2.6 Shuttle vectors
3.1 Identification of Candidate Gene
3.2 Isolation of Nucleic Acids
3.3 Enzymes used for Recombinant DNA Technology
3.4 Modes of DNA Transfer
3.5 Screening and Selection
3.6 Blotting Techniques
3.7 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
3.8 DNA Libraries
Chapter 4: Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
4.1 DNA Fingerprinting
4.2 Transgenic Organism
4.3 Gene Therapy
4.4 Recombinant Vaccines
4.5 Therapeutic Agents/Molecules: Monoclonal Antibodies, Insulin
and Growth Hormone
Unit II: Genome Engineering
Chapter 5: Genome Technology and Engineering
5.1 Mapping of the Genome: Genetic and Physical
5.2 High–Throughput DNA Sequencing
5.3 Other Genome-related Technology
5.4 Genome Engineering
5.5 Structural, Functional and Comparative Genomics
5.6 Protein Engineering
Unit III: Microbial, Plant, Animal Cell, Organ Culture and
Bio processing
6.1 Historical Perspective
6.2 Nutritional Requirements and Culture Media
6.3 Sterilisation Methods
6.4 Pure Culture Techniques
6.5 Factors Affecting Microbial Growth
6.6 The Growth Curve
Chapter 7: Plant Tissue Culture
7.1 Historical Perspective
7.2 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques
7.3 Nutrient Media
7.4 Culture Types
7.5 Applications of Plant Cell and Tissue Culture
Chapter 8: Animal Cell Culture
8.1 Historical Perspective
8.2 Culture Media
8.3 Physical Environment for Culturing Animal Cells
8.4 Equipment Used for Cell Culture
8.5 Types of Animal Cell Cultures and Cell Lines
8.6 Cell Viability Determination
8.7 Scale-up of Animal Cell Culture Process
8.7 Advantages of Animal Cell Culture
8.8 Applications of Animal Cell Culture
Chapter 9: Stem Cell Culture and Organ Culture
9.1 Stem Cell Culture
9.2 Organ Culture
Chapter 10: Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing
10.1 Historical Perspective
10.2 Instrumentation in Bioprocessing: Bioreactor and
Fermenter Design
10.3 Operational Stages of Bioprocess
10.4 Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing of Desired Products
Unit IV: Bioremediation
11.1 Waste Water Treatment
11.2 Solid Waste Management
11.3 Management and Disposal of Bio-medical Waste
11.4 Bioremediation of Pesticides
Unit V: Recent Innovations in Biotechnology and Entrepreneurship
Chapter 12: Recent Innovations in Biotechnology
12.1 Environmental Biotechnology
12.2 Plant Biotechnology
12.3 Regenerative Medicine
12.4 Nanobiotechnology
12.5 Synthetic Biology
12.6 Future Prospects
13.1 Concept of Entrepreneurship
13.2 Sources of Funds
13.3 Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology
13.4 Concept of IPR
13.5 Biopiracy
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